- Section 2.4: Intelligent Networked
Organisations
Inter-Domain Authorisation and Delegation
for Business-to-Business e-Commerce
P. Michiardi, R. Molva
FLoCI-EE: Flexible Low-Cost Internet-Extended
Enterprise
K. Fürst
Value Networks: Business Process Integration
over the Internet
R.D. Franco, Á. Ortiz Bas, F. Lario Esteban, R. Navurro
Varela
Enterprise Intra- and Inter-Organisation
Integration Need for International Consensus
K. Kosanke
The Four Layers of EE and VO Infrastructures
F. Lillehagen, D. Karlsen, K. Tangen
Design of Information Services Based
on the Service Flow Concept
V. Spitadakis, M. Manasaki, P. Chatzaras, A. Koumpis
- Designing
Virtual Communities to Support E-Commerce Adoption
A. Angehrn, T. Nabeth, B. Subirana
Configuration Concepts for Process Adaptation
G. Peter, T. Rose, C. Rupprecht, A. Zwegers, E. Van Hulm
The Business Architect: Getting to Grips
with New Business Development
D. Aston, B. Katzy, V. Kazei
Classification of Dynamic Organisational
Forms and Co-ordination Roles
K. Riemer, S. Klein and D. Selz
- From
Business Community towards btob-Commerce
I. Hussla, A. Thiemann
Dynamic Management of Virtual Enterprises
in the Textile/Garment Industry
J. Fradinho Oliveira, A. De Oliveira
The What and Why of a Virtual Enterprise
Reference Architecture
J. Vesterager, P. Bernus, J.D. Pedersen, M. Tølle
Sophisticated Co-Operation in Dynamic
SME Networks Based on Co-operative Planning and Control
M. Ryba, M. Matthiesen, B. Löffler, R. Aits, Á.D.
De Oliveira
Inter-Domain
Authorisation and Delegation for Business-to-Business e-Commerce
Pietro Michiardi and
Refik Molva
Institut Eurecom, 2229 Route des Cretes BP 193 06904 Sophia-Antipolis
France
Security exposures are viewed
as a major impediment to the growth of electronic commerce over
Internet. The main requirement of inter-enterprise communications
is the verification of the role granted by a company to each
individual instead of the authentication of individuals based
on their universal names as provided by X509 digital ID's. We
depict in this paper an original mechanism for role-based authorisation
in inter-enterprise business communications. This mechanism is
based on a secure extension of X509 ID certificates using SPKI
authorisation certificates. The mechanism was transparently integrated
into existing application and network security packages. This
platform was developed as part of an R&D project supported
by the TEN TELECOM program of the European Commission.
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FLoCI-EE:
Flexible Low-Cost Internet-Extended Enterprise
Karl FURST
Vienna University of Technology Institute of Flexible Automation
(INFA), Gusshausstrasse 27-29/361, A-l 040 Vienna, Austria
FLoCI-EE aims at the development
of an easy to use, component based software system to support
the whole lifecycle of products in extended enterprises. In an
extended enterprise, there exists an intensive co-operation between
classical enterprises, with the aim to design, manufacture and
sale a product or service, independent of enterprise borderlines.
Each participant contributes enterprise specific core know-how.
The needed IT-support includes functions of product data management
(PDM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management
(SCM) and customer relationship management. (CRM). Especially
for small and medium sized enterprises, existing solutions are
too expensive and inflexible to be of use under current turbulent
market conditions. FLoCI-EE is a project in the fifth framework
programme of the European Commission with 8 partners from 4 countries,
which started in January 2001 and will be finished in December
2003. This paper contains a detailed description of the project,
first findings, and conclusions.
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Value
Networks: Business Process Integration over the Internet
Ruben Dario FRANCO,
Angel ORTIZ BAS, Francisco LARIO ESTEBAN, Rosa NAVARRO VARELA
Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Departamento de Organizacion
de Empresas, Spain
The raising number of B2B electronic
marketplaces based on its increasing potential benefits has shifted
its original value proposal. Thus, today many industry leaders
and international standardisation groups are promoting initiatives
that allow to effectively support the integration process between
dissimilar business architectures in a reliable and transparent
way to conform value networks. In this work the desired integration
mechanism is depicted and some of these initiatives are analysed
in order to determine which of them is well suited to effectively
provide a framework where truly SMEs involvement on these value
networks could be possible.
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Enterprise
Intra- and Inter-Organisation Integration Need for International
Consensus
Kurt KOSANKE
CIMOSA Association e. V. Stockholmer Str. 7, D- 71034 Boblingen,
Germany
Today enterprises become increasingly
dependent on the availability of information and knowledge especially
for the world-wide collaboration and co-operation of enterprises.
However, application of relevant technology is still hampered
by seemingly conflicting terminology. Conflicting terminology
that is even introduced in relevant international standards.
With two international initiatives in the past (1992 and 1997)
and one planned for the future (2002) attempts are made to increase
consensus in the area of enterprise engineering and integration.
More efforts are still required to achieve the needed industry
wide common understanding of the contents of information and
knowledge to be exchanged between partners. The paper will highlight
results from the previous initiatives and identities current
shortcomings e.g. inconsistency of terminology used in international
standards in the area of enterprise engineering and integration.
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The
Four Layers of EE and VO Infrastructures
Frank LILLEHAGEN, Dag
Karlsen and Kjell Tangen
Computas AS, Vollsveien 9, P.O.Box 482, 1327 Lysaker, Norway
This paper describes a four-layered
EE and VO Infrastructure to support the required working environments
and behaviours of dynamic networked organisations. The four layers
of the EE Infrastructure: - the ICT layer, the knowledge representation
layer, the model and work management layer, and the work performance
layer, are defined and described. The EE Infrastructure version
1 .O is based on integration of the EXTERNAL tools through data
integration, using a common object model, implemented as XML
files stored in a file-based repository. The Infrastructure,
version 1.5, will be implemented in the EXTERNAL project, IST
1999-10091 and released in November 2001.
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Design
of Information Services Based on the Service Flow Concept
Vassilis SPITADAKIS(1),
Maria MANASAKI(1), Panes CHATZARAS(2), Adamantios KOUMPIS(2)
(1) FORTHNET S.A.. STEP Crete, Vassilika Voutwn, GR-71003, P.0
Box 2219, Crete, Greece
UNISOFT S.A. Research Programmes Division, Michael Kalou 6, GR
- 546 29 Thessaloniki, Greece
The main characteristic of
the Dilemma system presented in the paper is its flexibility
to combine information entities and provision procedures in order
to build compound service (i.e. meta-service) and service packages
(bundles), oriented to serve customers with highly differentiated
needs related to content, functionality and costs. The facilitation
of service management, based upon user behavioural patterns,
forms the basis for assessing the added value of the service.
A billing architecture enables the usage-driven charging of the
service.
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Designing
Virtual Communities to Support E-Commerce Adoption
Albert Angehm(1), Thierry
Nabeth(1), Brian Subirana(2)
(1) Centre for Advanced Learning Technology (CALT), INSEAD, Fontainebleau,
France
(2) IESE, Barcelona, Spain
In the context of the ECAMP
IST European project we are designing a virtual community as
a means for helping managers from Small Medium size Enterprises
(SMEs) to better understand, develop, evaluate and implement
E- Commerce projects in the B2B area.
In the first part of the paper, we evaluate the importance of
designing virtual communities addressing SME managers, and in
particular how such knowledge- exchange networks can facilitate
and accelerate the adoption of E-commerce practices. In the second
part, we examine how technology can be used to provide support
to such a virtual community and derive a set of design principles.
In particular, this section explains that beyond providing digital
communication means, the technology should also be used to support
much more deeply the social process (opinion, reputation, trust,
and co-ordination). Finally, we illustrate how these virtual
communities design principles are being applied in the context
of the ECAMP project.
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Configuration
Concepts for Process Adaptation
Gerhard PETER(1), Thomas
ROSE(1), Christian RUPPRECHT(1), Arian ZWEGERS(2), and Emico
VAN HALM(2)
(1) Research Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing (FAW),
89081 Ulm, Germany
(2) Baan Development, Baron van Nagellstraat 89, 3771 LK Barneveld,
Netherlands
Virtual enterprises experience
serious struggle when defining and adapting their business processes
across the members of the virtual enterprise. The research in
ProACTIVE aims at developing a methodology and tool box that
allows a (semi-)automatic (re-) configuration of one-of-a-kind
business process models fitting the specific requirements and
constraints of a project in a virtual enterprise. Our approach
elaborates the idea of making these requirements and constraints
explicit by representing them in a model for each project. In
this paper, we present first results of requirements and constraints
collected from our industrial partners and discuss their impact
on the methodology.
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The
Business Architect: Getting to Grips with New Business Development
Dawn ASTON, Bernhard
KATZY, Vera KAZEI
Virtual Enterprise Architects BV, Plantsoen 97, 2311 KL Leiden,
The Netherlands
Firms which are characterised
by their agility and dynamic innovation are the direct result
of the active driving force of managers who are willing to venture.
Entrepreneurs are generally praised as the genius rendering such
a service - or blamed as adventurers ruining investors' fortunes.
The Business Architect Project is aiming to reduce the level
of emotion associated with creating new ventures and to increase
the level of professionalism in a systematic new business development
process. The paper describes a suite of services being developed
by the Business Architect Project which focus on three essential
tasks in new business development: access to the right people,
the design of the appropriate business system for the new venture
and the quantification of the value created by it. The service
of Business Architects is not limited to one organisational form.
We therefore develop three typical user scenarios that clarify
the integrated use of the Business Architect Service: the Business
Architect as the entrepreneur behind the high-tech start-up,
the Business Architect as the New Business Development Manager
in a large Multinational, and the Business Architect as the Designer
of a Joint Venture of medium sized firms.
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Classification
of Dynamic Organisational Forms and Co-ordination Roles
Kai RIEMER(1), Stefan
KLEIN(1) and Dorian SELZ(2)
(1) Institute of Information Systems, Muenster University, D-48149
Muenster
(2) namics AG, Teufenstrasse 19, CH-9000 St. Gallen
The paper introduces a heuristic
for the identification of co-ordination needs in inter-organisational
arrangements. Based on a classification of inter-organisational
arrangements co-ordination needs in dynamic organisational forms
are identified. The classification criteria are used to specify
corresponding co-ordination tasks. Elaborating on the concept
of co-ordination roles, tasks are assigned to particular types
of inter-organisational arrangements.
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- From
Business Community towards btob-Commerce
Ingo HUSSLA and Andrea THIEMANN
IZET Innovationszentrum Itzehoe, Gesellschaft fur Technologieforderung
Itzehoe mbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 3, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
-
- The regional public non-profit
incubator, IZET Innovationszentrum Itzehoe, is a major driver
of innovation, technology transfer and entrepreneurial support
in Northern Germany. IZET is dedicated to exploitation and application
of IT-technologies including eCommerce activities. Currently,
a Schleswig-Holstein state funded co-operation project, www.btob-markt-sh.de,
is underway addressing a threefold of activities, namely creation
of virtual and btob companies, promotion of www.bidbizz.com,
a new btob platform for the sale of industrial goods, and support
by virtual management guidance development. First results regarding
creation of virtual companies are reported. Specific attendance
is paid towards SMEs. Two outstanding mechanisms are observed:
a well organised community of individual business entities create
a virtual business platform www.agrarportal-nord.de and a number
of complementary (internet) business entities decide to be a
virtual company participating in the btob market www.ok-onlinekaufen.de.
The technology requirements and problems of btob platform implementation
is briefly summarised.
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Dynamic
Management of Virtual Enterprises in the Textile/Garment Industry
Jorge FRADINHO OLIVEIRA(1) and Alvaro DE OLIVEIRA(2)
(1) Omegamedia, Alameda da Guia, no192A, 2750-368 Cascais, Portugal
(2) Alfamicro, Alameda da Guia, no 192A, 2750-368 Cascais, Portugal
-
- The SCOOP project addresses
the problem of managing co-operation in dynamic SME networks
using an innovative and advanced solution based on co-operative
plating and control. We will be describing the SCOOP application
to the highly dynamic business scenario of the textile/garment
industry which requires high flexibility and configurability
to adapt the business processes of the enterprise network to
the fast changes of the fashion market. The threats to the traditional
European garment industry can be successfully overcome by a balanced
use of IT technologies and business process x-engineering, together
with an innovative business strategy. Sustained competitiveness
is achieved by improved productivity, creative design and efficient
logistics and fulfilment supported by IT.
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The
What and Why of a Virtual Enterprise Reference Architecture
Johan Vesterager(1), Peter Bernus(2), Jens Dahl Pedersen(1) and
Martin Tolle(1)
(1) Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
(2) Griffith University, Nathan (Brisbane) Queensland 4111 Australia
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- Many enterprises today struggle
with the challenge of using the full potential of ICT for a rapid
creation of global customer focused, efficient and effective
virtual enterprises. This paper presents a Virtual Enterprise
Reference Architecture (based on the draft international standard
GERAM) to serve as a common integrating basis for these efforts,
recognising the global challenge for common understanding, procedures,
and methods.
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Sophisticated
Co-Operation in Dynamic SME Networks Based on Co-operative Planning and Control
Michael Ryba(1), Michael Matthiesen(1), Benno Loffler(2), Rainer
Aits(2), Alvaro Duarte de Oliveira(3)
(1) University of Stuttgart, IPVR, D- 70565 Stuttgart, Germany
(2) Fraunhofer IPA, Nobelstrasse 12, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
(3) Alfamicro, Lda., Alameda de Guia No 192a, P-2750 Cascais,
Portugal
-
- Due to the growing competition
in a global market, the importance of close co-operation - esp.
between small and medium companies - is steadily increasing.
The SCOOP project addresses the problem of managing co-operation
in dynamic SME networks using an innovative and advanced solution
based on co-operative planning and control. The textile and printing
industries have been chosen as ideal representatives of highly
dynamic business scenarios. Starting with a description of the
current problems, this paper discusses the specific requirements
for co-operation support in both scenarios and describes the
resulting architecture of the SCOOP software toolset.
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